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United States2025-10en

Past Approaches for Spent Nuclear Fuel, High-Level, and Transuranic Waste Disposal in the United States— Part 1: Safety Criteria and Treatment of Uncertainty

Summary

This document reviews past US approaches for the long-term safe disposal of spent nuclear fuel, high-level, and transuranic waste. It details how the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) have developed safety criteria and handled uncertainty in compliance assessments over 50 years of experience, specifically for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) and the proposed Yucca Mountain repository. The report aims to share these comprehensive regulatory and technical experiences with other countries to inform their own disposal solutions.

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