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United States2026-01en

Virtual Power Plant Architecture and Resilient Design

Summary

Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) represent a fundamental shift in electric grid operations by aggregating distributed energy resources, but their distributed, multi-stakeholder architecture introduces significant security challenges and expanded attack surfaces compared to traditional power plants. This report by Idaho National Laboratory offers practical guidance to utilities, regulators, and aggregators to implement robust security frameworks and operational best practices. These efforts are crucial for maintaining grid reliability as VPP deployment accelerates across the United States under regulatory initiatives like FERC Order 2222.

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