A Novel Framework for Performance Evaluation and Design Optimization of PCM Embedded Heat Exchangers for the Built Environment

Summary

The University of Maryland developed an experimentally-validated framework for performance evaluation and design optimization of Phase Change Material (PCM) embedded Heat Exchangers (PCM-HXs) for buildings. The project, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, ran from April 2020 to September 2024. It addressed the challenge of computationally expensive simulations by developing a Generalized Resistance-Capacitance Model (GRCM) that offers significant speed advantages while maintaining accuracy (e.g., 0.6-0.7 K mean temperature deviation from CFD). Nine PCM-HX prototypes were manufactured and tested, showing the framework predicts performance within ±10-20% of experimental results. The integration of PCM-HX performance maps into building energy simulations demonstrated substantial on-peak demand reductions, such as up to 41% for cooling in Tampa, Florida, and hot water supply for 34-68% of daily demand with only a 5-10% volume increase in domestic water heaters.

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