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United States2025-11-07en

Large Load Literature Review

Summary

The rapid growth of electricity demand, especially from data centers and AI, presents significant challenges for grid reliability, resource planning, and accurate load forecasting in the United States. This ongoing literature review by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory compiles and categorizes over 90 publications to provide a comprehensive overview of current practices, key findings, and recommendations for addressing these large loads, noting inconsistencies in existing forecasting methods and the need for improved data sharing and policy options. The document is a living resource that will continue to be updated with new research.

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